Aksum is an ancient city located in Northern Ethiopia’s Tigray Region. Once the capital of a strong empire connecting the African continent to both the Middle East and the rest of the world, today Aksum is known for three major items; the tall stone obelisks that can be seen throughout the area, ancient ruins from years past and the rich religious and cultural traditions that exist there.
Whether your interest is in archaeology, cultures of the past, history, or travel, Aksum has something for everyone. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of Aksum’s history, what to see when you visit, how people live and work, and some important travel information to help you prepare for your trip to Aksum.
History of Aksum
Aksum has an over two thousand-year-old history and it was eventually the capital of the powerful Aksumite Kingdom that dominated much of the Horn of Africa during antiquity. At its peak, the Aksumite Kingdom ruled major trade networks from the Red Sea and merchants from the region traded many types of items with other countries and cities in the Arabian Peninsula (including Saudi Arabia), Egypt, and the Mediterranean world.
As one of the earliest significant African civilizations to create its own coinage, the Aksumite Kingdom’s economy and global relations can be clearly seen through their currency. In addition, another pivotal event in Aksum’s past occurred when Christianity became the official state religion in the early 4th century.
The Famous Aksum Obelisks
One of the primary attractions for tourists visiting Aksum is the presence of its remarkable stone monuments. Of those monuments, perhaps none are as well-known or admired as the Aksum obelisks (also called stelae).
Each obelisk was a large piece of granite that had been carved in such a way that it resembled a multi-level building. The sheer size and decoration of each of the Aksum obelisks clearly demonstrated how much skill the ancient people of Aksum possessed when it came to both artistry and engineering.
Among the many obelisks found at Aksum is what may be considered the most famous – the Obelisk of Aksum. The Obelisk of Aksum serves as a significant symbol of Ethiopia’s past and continues to serve as one of the city’s iconic symbols today.
In addition to housing some of the most important monuments in the area, the Northern Stelae Park offers tourists the opportunity to view these historic structures at a closer range than they would have otherwise experienced.
Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion
The Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion is one of the major sacred places of worship for Ethiopians. Particularly it is very significant to Ethiopian Orthodox Christians and is the symbol of their lengthy Christian past.
It is said by tradition that the church contains the Ark of the Covenant. In addition, the Ark is housed in a small chapel on the site, which is part of Ethiopian religious belief.
In spite of this, no visitor can independently confirm or see the Ark; however, due to its significance and connection to the Ark, the church is one of the main places visited by those interested in the history and faith of Ethiopia.
Additionally, the entire church grounds continue to be evidence of how spiritually relevant Aksum still is.
Other Attractions in Aksum
There is so much more to discover about Aksum than just its famous obelisks.
King Ezana’s Inscription is significant for being a historical monument. This inscription was written using old languages and it will provide you with information on King Ezana as well as the Aksumite Kingdom.
The Archaeological Museum would be worth visiting as well. In this museum are many artifacts that will show how the Aksumite society evolved and developed their system of trade, religions, and technologies.
Travelers may also visit ancient tombs and various other archaeological finds throughout the city. Some of these ancient ruins give you insight into the complexity and sophistication of the civilization which existed there previously.
In general, anyone interested in history would have enough time to visit the main sights of Aksum if they spend one whole day there.
Aksum Culture and Traditions
Aksum culture has long-standing ties to the historical past of Ethiopia and the country’s strong Orthodox Christian traditions. Celebrations of religious holidays can be very social and give visitors a chance to see how music, clothing, ceremony and food are practiced at a local level.
Ethiopian traditional food is another big part of visiting Aksum. Most meals will be eaten from or on top of Injera (a sour dough bread), which is usually accompanied by many different flavors of vegetables, lentils and meats.
As far as cultural significance goes, the cultural heritage of Aksum is likely what makes this area so attractive to tourists. Visiting Aksum is not just looking at old buildings and ancient ruins. The tradition of the community has been alive for over 1,000 years.
Best Time to Visit Aksum
Typically the best times to visit Aksum will depend on what you like for your vacation or business travels. As Ethiopia’s highlands have a relatively dry climate during some of its cooler months; it is possible that you would find sightseeing easier than if visiting during the warmer, wetter months.
Prior to making arrangements for travel, please review current information about local travel conditions and government issued travel advisories (especially as local conditions in northern Ethiopia can vary).
Additionally, if attending religious festivals is an interest to you, prior to your arrival, do some preliminary research into the Ethiopian Orthodox calendar so that you are aware of all major celebrations. These could provide some unique and memorable experiences of culture; however, both accommodations and public transportation may be more crowded than normal.
How to Get to Aksum
Aksum is found in north eastern Ethiopia. Travelers may reach Aksum via air or land, based upon present day transportation options. Flights can be a good alternative to traveling if services are running. Land travel allows for seeing more of the area you will pass through; however, the time it takes to get from one place to another will depend greatly on what route you take.
Travelers should check with airlines as well as bus lines prior to their trip to see that there have been no changes in flight schedules or routes. Many of the large historical sites and landmarks within the city can be visited without too much difficulty. However, having a knowledgeable local guide while exploring the city can provide additional information about your visit.
Travel Tips for Aksum
While you are at Aksum (Ethiopia), it would be advisable for you to have on your feet comfortable walking shoes as many historical sites will involve walking through archeological sites that may not always be easy to walk in.
Additionally, it is wise to respect all local customs while viewing churches or other places of worship. It would be best if you dressed conservatively; and you should adhere to any photography restrictions, especially near or around religious sites.
When exploring, it is recommended that you take with you bottled water, sunblock and general travel supplies as well.
Most important: you should check current traveling information prior to your visit. The northern part of Ethiopia has had its share of unrest and local situations can impact transportation, accommodations and access to sights.
Why Visit Aksum?
Aksum provides one opportunity that very few travel locations have provided: the ability to see what remains of an historical African empire while at the same time you are able to experience a dynamic culture and religion as well as its living traditions.
Monumental stele, ancient churches, historical archaeological sites and many interesting aspects related to the trade of this location provide ample opportunities for visitors who are interested in visiting Ethiopia.
Each element of Aksum has a story to tell; from the Aksumite Empire which existed thousands of years ago through to the continuing importance of the religious aspect of this city today, history buffs and curious travelers will find Aksum Ethiopia a great place to discover.